SEPTEMBER 1ST
BEGINNING OF THE ECCLESIASTICAL YEAR
On September 1st, we celebrate the Indiktos, the beginning of the new ecclesiastical year. The word Indiktos is derived from the Latin indiktio, which means decree. The term originated from the decision of Roman emperors to appoint by decree for a period of fifteen years, the amount of the annual tax, which they received for the maintenance of the army. The first fifteen year cycle was initiated under Caesar Augustus, three years before the birth of Christ, when he issued orders for a general census of the inhabitants of the Roman Empire and the collection of taxes. In the Eastern part of the Empire, the New Year was celebrated on September 24, the day of the autumn equinox. However, since the 23rd coincided with the birthday of the Emperor of Rome Octavian, the new year was transferred to September 23, which was defined as the beginning of Indiktion. Since the reign of Constantine the Great, the Indiktion was formally used as calendar date.
So Indiktos ended up meaning the year, and the beginning of New Year was called Indiktion. The Church had to use the New Year, and attribute to it a Christian character, therefore it decided to celebrate the feast of the conception of Saint John the Baptist, which is the first event in the history of the Gospel. Later, in 462 AD, for practical reasons, in order to match the first day of the ecclesiastical New Year with the first day of the month the Indiktion was celebrated on the 1st of September. Since that time the Church of Constantinople keeps celebrating Sept. 1st as the beginning of the new ecclesiastical year. The celebration of the New Year on January 1st has Roman origins and was introduced to the Orthodox East in recent times, coming from the West. The Roman pagans were celebrating the god Janus, from whose name the month of January was derived. The church of Rome tried to counteract the pagan celebration of Janus, and decided to celebrate the new Christian year on January 1st.
Because September is a harvest season for fruits and the earth is preparing for a new cycle of vegetation, it was fit for the Christians to celebrate the beginning of another agricultural season, yielding thanks to God for his sustaining of the creation. The Jews were already doing this according to the teaching of the Mosaic law ; the first day of the seventh Jewish month, in the beginning of September, they celebrated a memorial proclaimed with the blast of trumpets, a day of solemn rest, without laborious work, presenting an offering by fire to the Lord ( Lev. 23:18 ) .
Christ, the Son and Word of God, the Creator of time and the universe, who became incarnate and took human nature upon Him in order to unite Jews and Gentiles in one church, wanted to recap on Himself the created world and the written Law. Therefore on this day, when nature prepares to start a new cycle of seasons, we celebrate the event, during which our Lord Jesus Christ entered the synagogue in Nazareth, and, opening the book of Isaiah, read the passage where the prophet speaks on behalf of the Lord: "the spirit of the Lord is upon me, because the Lord has anointed me. To bring good tidings to the afflicted, he has sent me to bind up the broken hearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to those who are bound; to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor, and the day of vengeance of our God; to comfort all who mourn "(Isa. 61:1-2).
The Lord wanted to reveal Himself to the Jewish people and to prove that he was the Chosen Son of the Father who came to save everyone on earth. Even the way He chose to reveal Himself to us causes admiration. When he was given the Bible, He opened it, not at random, but in the paragraph of the Prophet Isaiah which was written about Him. What was written there? "The spirit of the Lord anointed me", selected me, to bring good news to the poor, the gospel to the Gentiles, who have neither the law nor the prophets and suffer from great spiritual poverty. "To bind up the broken hearted" and offer to those spiritually blind, Jews and Gentiles alike, those who were made subservient to Satan, spiritual vision and health. Included there were also the dead whom Hades had made his own, but were liberated after the Resurrection of our Lord. At the end of the paragraph He announced the joyful event that will occur, when the righteous will give thanks to Christ at His Second Coming, on the day that He will avenge the enemies of mankind, the demons. By reading this passage from Isaiah, the Lord revealed to the people that day, that this prophecy had came true.
Beloved, those who know that the only truth existing is our Lord Jesus Christ, celebrate the start of the New Ecclesiastical Year chanting the Church’s beautiful hymns. However this thanksgiving and worship must not be limited only to this day, but also continue during the week, during the rest of the year. We are asked to pray and praise the Most Merciful God for the goods that He provides us with, asking His protection for the whole world from the effects of the evil one. Our prayer must embrace all humanity, those who are in danger, suffering, hurt or starving. We must ask Him to guide us to live on earth according to His will, and to strengthen us when we are overcome from temptations and tribulations.
PROTOPRESBYTER FR. KONSTANTINOS MANETAS